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tEXtAMS • PNLE REVIEW PROGRESS

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NURSING PRACTICE I 0%

1. Care of Clients with Communicable Diseases0 / 28

Concepts of infection and communicable diseaseChain of infection and modes of transmissionStandard and transmission-based precautionsIsolation and quarantineImmunity and herd immunityDisease surveillance, case finding and contact tracingOutbreak investigation and notifiable diseasesControl, elimination and eradication of diseasePrinciples of immunizationRoutine and catch-up immunizationVaccine types, indications and contraindicationsAdverse events following immunizationCold chain and vaccine managementTuberculosis and DOTSDengueMalariaRabiesLeptospirosisMeasles, mumps and rubellaPertussis, diphtheria and tetanusPoliomyelitisViral hepatitisHIV/AIDSSexually transmitted infectionsCholera and typhoid feverAcute gastroenteritisFood- and water-borne diseasesEmerging and re-emerging infections

2. Care of Clients with Non-Communicable Diseases0 / 13

Concepts and risk factors of non-communicable diseasesLifestyle modification and health promotionCommunity-based screening and early detectionPopulation-based and high-risk approachesHypertensionCardiovascular diseasesStrokeDiabetes mellitusObesity and metabolic syndromeCancerChronic respiratory diseasesChronic kidney diseaseLevels of prevention

3. Care of Normal Families0 / 9

Family as unit of care and clientFamily structures, functions and developmental stagesFamily health assessmentFamily coping, decision-making and resourcesEnvironmental and family health practicesFamily health recordsPrinciples and phases of home visitingHealth teaching and evaluation during home visitsBag technique and infection prevention

4. Care of Families at Risk0 / 14

Identification and assessment of at-risk familiesVulnerable families and populationsMaternal, newborn and child-related family risksFamilies affected by communicable diseasesFamilies affected by chronic illnessOlder adults and persons with disabilitiesMental health and substance-use concernsPoverty, unsafe housing and poor sanitationDomestic violence, child abuse and neglectDisaster-affected familiesFamily nursing problemsFamily nursing processFamily Nursing Care PlanPrioritization of family health problems

5. Care of Population Groups in the Community0 / 12

Population- and aggregate-focused nursingCommunity assessment and diagnosisCommunity health planningMaternal healthInfant and child healthAdolescent healthOlder-person healthPersons with disabilitiesIndigenous peoplesGeographically isolated and disadvantaged communitiesUrban poorMigrants and displaced populations

6. Care of the Community During Disaster0 / 11

Disaster concepts, hazards, vulnerability and riskDisaster risk reduction and community resilienceDisaster management cycleCommunity disaster preparednessDisaster response and recoveryEvacuation and emergency sheltersWater, sanitation, hygiene and food safetyDisease surveillance and outbreak preventionPsychological first aidCare of vulnerable populations during disastersMass-casualty triage

7. School Nursing0 / 10

Roles and responsibilities of the school nurseSchool health programsHealth screening and assessmentCommunicable disease prevention and controlSchool sanitation and environmental healthFirst aid and emergency careHealth educationAdolescent healthSchool mental healthReferral and school health records

8. Occupational Health Nursing0 / 10

Roles of the occupational health nurseOccupational health assessmentWorkplace health promotionOccupational hazardsHierarchy of hazard controlsOccupational disease preventionAccident preventionPre-employment and periodic health examinationsHealth surveillanceWorkplace emergency preparedness

9. Community Organizing & Participatory Action Research0 / 12

Principles of community organizingCommunity participation and empowermentSelf-reliance and community ownershipLeadership developmentResource mobilizationCOPAR principlesCOPAR processCommunity integration and social investigationOrganization buildingCommunity mobilizationMonitoring, evaluation and phase-outParticipatory Action Research

10. Recording, Reporting & Information Technology0 / 11

Principles of recording and reportingAccuracy, completeness and timeliness of health recordsConfidentiality and data privacyElectronic health recordsHealth information systemsUse of health information for decision-makingField Health Services Information SystemFHSIS records, registers and reporting formsTarget Client ListsSummary TablesData consolidation, interpretation and utilization

11. Epidemiology0 / 14

Principles and uses of epidemiologyEpidemiologic triangleNatural history and spectrum of diseasePatterns of disease occurrenceEpidemiologic surveillanceCase definitionsOutbreak investigationIncidence and prevalenceAttack ratesMorbidity and mortality measuresCase fatalityRelative riskScreening principlesSensitivity and specificity

12. Vital Statistics0 / 8

Birth and fertility ratesCrude and specific mortality ratesInfant and neonatal mortalityMaternal mortalityCase fatality and proportionate mortalityMorbidity measuresNumerators, denominators and multipliersCalculation and interpretation of rates and ratios

13. Demography0 / 8

Population size, composition and distributionPopulation densityFertility, mortality and migrationPopulation growthDependency and sex ratiosPopulation pyramidsCensus methodsPopulation estimates and projections

14. Philippine Health Care Delivery System0 / 10

Structure of the Philippine health systemPublic and private health sectorsNational and local health responsibilitiesDevolution of health servicesDepartment of Health roles and functionsLevels of health careBarangay Health StationsRural Health Units and health centersHospitals and referral facilitiesCommunity health team members

15. Primary Health Care0 / 8

Principles and elements of Primary Health CareAccessibility, acceptability, affordability and availabilityCommunity participationEquitable distribution of health servicesIntersectoral coordinationAppropriate technologySelf-reliancePreventive and promotive health care

16. Universal Health Care0 / 9

Principles of Universal Health CarePopulation and service coverageFinancial risk protectionPrimary care orientationPopulation- and individual-based health servicesHealth-care provider networksHealth financing and PhilHealthIntegrated local health systemsReferral networks

17. Sustainable Development Goals0 / 8

Sustainable Development Goal frameworkSDG 3: Good Health and Well-BeingMaternal, neonatal and child health targetsCommunicable disease targetsNon-communicable disease targetsMental health targetsUniversal Health CoverageHealth-related Sustainable Development Goals

18. Referral System0 / 10

Principles and indications for referralLevels and pathways of referralEmergency and routine referralPre-referral assessment and stabilizationReferral documentationCommunication with receiving facilitiesSafe transportContinuity of careCounter-referralFollow-up after referral

NURSING PRACTICE II 0%

1. Care of Mother Before Birth0 / 15

Normal pregnancy and signs of pregnancyObstetric history and GTPALEstimated date of delivery and age of gestationFetal growth and developmentPhysiologic adaptations during pregnancyPsychosocial adaptations during pregnancyCommon discomforts of pregnancyPrenatal assessment and careMaternal nutrition and supplementationImmunization during pregnancyPrenatal screening and diagnostic testsFetal movement assessmentPregnancy danger signsTeratogens and medication safetyRh incompatibility

2. Pregnancy at Risk & Maternal Complications0 / 19

Gestational hypertensionPreeclampsia and eclampsiaHELLP syndromeMagnesium sulfate therapyGestational diabetesHyperemesis gravidarumAnemia during pregnancyPlacenta previaAbruptio placentaeEctopic pregnancyHydatidiform molePregnancy loss and abortionCervical insufficiencyPROM and PPROMPreterm laborPost-term pregnancyMultiple pregnancyAmniotic fluid abnormalitiesTORCH infections

3. Care During Labor and Birth0 / 22

Signs and stages of laborFactors affecting laborCervical changes and fetal descentLeopold’s maneuversFetal lie, presentation, attitude and positionCardinal movements of laborUterine contractionsFetal heart rate monitoringPartographRupture of membranes and amniotic fluid assessmentPain management during laborInduction and augmentation of laborOxytocin administrationDystociaCephalopelvic disproportionMalpresentationShoulder dystociaUmbilical cord prolapseFetal distressUterine ruptureAmniotic fluid embolismCesarean birth

4. Essential Newborn Care at Birth0 / 12

Essential Intrapartum and Newborn CareImmediate newborn assessmentThermoregulationSkin-to-skin contactEarly breastfeedingCord careApgar scoringVitamin K and eye prophylaxisNewborn identification and safetyNewborn screeningHearing screeningBirth immunizations

5. Care Following Birth / Puerperium0 / 14

Normal puerperiumUterine involutionPostpartum assessmentLochiaLactation and breastfeedingPostpartum health teachingPostpartum hemorrhageUterine atony and retained placental tissuePostpartum infectionMastitisPostpartum thromboembolismPostpartum bluesPostpartum depressionPostpartum psychosis

6. Family Planning & Reproductive Health0 / 9

Fertility-awareness methodsLactational amenorrheaBarrier contraceptivesHormonal contraceptivesContraceptive implantsIntrauterine devicesEmergency contraceptionPermanent contraceptionInformed choice and reproductive rights

7. Maternal & Newborn Government Programs0 / 7

BEmONCCEmONCEssential Intrapartum and Newborn CareNewborn screeningBreastfeeding programsSkilled birth attendanceMaternal and newborn referral systems

8. Growth & Development0 / 10

Principles of growth and developmentDevelopmental milestonesErikson’s psychosocial theoryPiaget’s cognitive theoryFreud’s psychosexual theoryKohlberg’s moral developmentAge-appropriate playAge-appropriate communicationEffects of hospitalizationSeparation anxiety and regression

9. Normal Neonate0 / 11

Normal newborn characteristicsNewborn vital signs and measurementsGestational-age assessmentNewborn reflexesThermoregulationPhysiologic weight changesFeeding and breastfeedingEliminationCord careSafe sleepNewborn danger signs

10. High-Risk Neonate0 / 11

Prematurity and post-maturitySmall- and large-for-gestational-age infantsInfant of a diabetic motherRespiratory distress syndromeNeonatal hypoglycemiaNeonatal hypothermiaNeonatal jaundicePhototherapyNeonatal sepsisBirth injuriesNeonatal resuscitation

11. Infant Growth & Development0 / 7

Infant growth and developmental milestonesInfant nutrition and complementary feedingImmunizationTeethingSeparation and stranger anxietyInfant safetySudden infant death prevention

12. Toddler0 / 8

Toddler growth and developmentPsychosocial developmentToilet trainingTemper tantrums and negativismPlayNutritionSafety and poisoning preventionHospitalization and separation anxiety

13. Preschool Child0 / 6

Preschool growth and developmentCognitive and psychosocial developmentPlay and communicationBody image and common fearsNutritionSafety

14. School-Age Child0 / 8

School-age growth and developmentCognitive and psychosocial developmentPeer relationshipsSchool adjustmentPlay and recreationNutritionSafetyHealth promotion

15. Adolescent0 / 8

Puberty and sexual maturationAdolescent growth and developmentIdentity and body imagePeer relationshipsRisk-taking behaviorNutritionSexual and reproductive healthSubstance-use prevention

16. Congenital & Developmental Disorders0 / 8

Congenital heart defectsCleft lip and palateHirschsprung diseaseHydrocephalusSpina bifidaDown syndromeAutism spectrum disorderDevelopmental delay

17. Pediatric Respiratory Disorders0 / 6

AsthmaBronchiolitisCroupPneumoniaTonsillitisPediatric respiratory distress

18. Pediatric Cardiovascular Disorders0 / 4

Congenital heart diseaseTetralogy of FallotRheumatic fever and rheumatic heart diseaseKawasaki disease

19. Pediatric Hematologic & Oncologic Disorders0 / 8

Iron-deficiency anemiaHemophiliaLeukemiaWilms tumorNeuroblastomaPediatric chemotherapy careNeutropenic precautionsBleeding precautions

20. Pediatric Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders0 / 5

Type 1 diabetes mellitusInsulin therapyHypoglycemiaHyperglycemiaDiabetic ketoacidosis

21. Pediatric Neurologic Disorders0 / 5

Febrile seizuresSeizure disordersMeningitisHydrocephalusIncreased intracranial pressure

22. Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders0 / 6

Gastroenteritis and dehydrationOral rehydration therapyPyloric stenosisIntussusceptionHirschsprung diseaseAppendicitis

23. Pediatric Renal & Genitourinary Disorders0 / 4

Urinary tract infectionAcute glomerulonephritisNephrotic syndromePediatric fluid balance

24. Communicable Diseases in Children0 / 3

Common childhood communicable diseasesChildhood immunizationPrevention and isolation precautions

25. Adolescent Health Problems0 / 10

Sexually transmitted infectionsHIV and HPVTeenage pregnancyMenstrual concernsEating disordersSubstance useBullyingRisk-taking behaviorAnxiety and depressionSuicide-risk recognition and referral

26. Pediatric Emergencies & Safety0 / 9

Airway obstruction and foreign-body aspirationPoisoningBurnsDrowningTraumaPediatric shockSevere dehydrationChild abuse and neglectAge-specific accident prevention

27. Medication Administration in Children0 / 6

Weight-based medication calculationsSafe-dose calculationsPediatric routes of medication administrationPediatric IV therapyPediatric fluid calculationsMedication safety

28. Ethical, Legal, Collaboration & Teamwork0 / 9

Consent and assentConfidentialityRights of mother and childChild advocacyMandatory reportingEthical principles in maternal-child nursingFamily-centered careInterprofessional collaborationReferral and delegation

NURSING PRACTICE III 0%

1. Perioperative Nursing0 / 15

Preoperative assessment and preparationPreoperative teachingInformed consentSurgical safety and preoperative checklistPrinciples of surgical asepsisRoles of the surgical teamSurgical positioning and patient safetyAnesthesia and sedationIntraoperative complicationsPACU and immediate postoperative carePostoperative complicationsWound and drain managementPostoperative pain managementPulmonary and thromboembolic preventionDischarge teaching

2. Oxygenation Fundamentals0 / 12

Respiratory anatomy and physiologyVentilation, diffusion and perfusionVentilation-perfusion relationshipsHypoxemia and hypoxiaRespiratory failureRespiratory assessmentPulse oximetry and arterial blood gasesBreath soundsRespiratory diagnostic testsOxygen-delivery systemsAirway clearance and suctioningArtificial airways and tracheostomy care

3. Upper Airway Disorders0 / 8

Infectious and inflammatory upper-airway disordersEpistaxisSleep apneaForeign-body airway obstructionUpper-airway obstructionLaryngeal cancerTracheostomyLaryngectomy care

4. Lower Airway & Ventilation Disorders0 / 15

Bronchitis and pneumoniaAtelectasisAsthma and status asthmaticusCOPDBronchiectasisTuberculosisPleural effusionPneumothorax and hemothoraxChest traumaAcute respiratory failureARDSMechanical ventilationPEEPVentilator-associated pneumoniaChest tube and drainage management

5. Gas Exchange & Pulmonary Perfusion Disorders0 / 8

Pulmonary edemaARDS and respiratory failurePulmonary fibrosisPulmonary embolismPulmonary hypertensionCor pulmonaleVentilation-perfusion mismatchDVT and pulmonary embolism prevention

6. Cardiovascular Assessment & Diagnostics0 / 9

Cardiovascular physical assessmentHeart sounds and murmursPeripheral perfusion assessmentECG fundamentalsCardiac biomarkersEchocardiographyStress testingCardiac catheterizationCoronary angiography

7. Hypertension0 / 7

Primary and secondary hypertensionHypertension risk factorsLifestyle managementAntihypertensive therapyHypertensive crisisTarget-organ damagePatient education

8. Coronary Artery Disease & Acute Coronary Syndrome0 / 11

Atherosclerosis and coronary artery diseaseStable and unstable anginaAcute coronary syndromeMyocardial infarctionSTEMI and NSTEMIACS assessment and emergency managementPercutaneous coronary interventionFibrinolytic therapyCoronary artery bypass graftingPost-MI complicationsCardiac rehabilitation

9. Heart Failure0 / 7

Left- and right-sided heart failureSystolic and diastolic heart failureAcute pulmonary edemaHeart failure assessment and monitoringFluid and sodium managementPharmacologic managementAcute decompensated heart failure

10. Valvular & Inflammatory Cardiac Disorders0 / 8

Mitral valve disordersAortic valve disordersValve replacement and prosthetic valve careRheumatic fever and rheumatic heart diseaseInfective endocarditisPericarditisCardiac tamponadeMyocarditis

11. Cardiac Dysrhythmias0 / 9

Basic ECG interpretationSinus dysrhythmiasAtrial dysrhythmiasSupraventricular tachycardiaVentricular dysrhythmiasAV blocksCardioversion and defibrillationPacemakersAntidysrhythmic therapy

12. Peripheral Vascular Disorders0 / 9

Peripheral arterial diseasePeripheral venous diseaseDeep vein thrombosisChronic venous insufficiencyVaricose veinsRaynaud phenomenonBuerger diseaseAneurysmAortic dissection

13. Shock & Perfusion Failure0 / 7

Types of shockStages of shockTissue perfusion assessmentFluid resuscitationVasopressor therapyHemodynamic monitoringMultiple-organ dysfunction syndrome

14. Fluids & Electrolytes0 / 11

Body-fluid compartments and fluid movementFluid-balance assessmentIV fluid therapyIV therapy complicationsFluid volume deficitFluid volume excessSodium imbalancesPotassium imbalancesCalcium imbalancesMagnesium imbalancesPhosphate imbalances

15. Acid-Base Balance0 / 7

Principles of acid-base regulationArterial blood gas interpretationRespiratory acidosisRespiratory alkalosisMetabolic acidosisMetabolic alkalosisAcid-base compensation

16. Hematologic Assessment & Diagnostics0 / 6

Complete blood countPeripheral blood smearCoagulation studiesIron studiesVitamin B12 and folate studiesBone marrow examination

17. Anemias0 / 8

Iron-deficiency anemiaMegaloblastic anemiaPernicious anemiaAplastic anemiaHemolytic anemiaSickle cell diseaseThalassemiaAnemia management and transfusion concepts

18. Bleeding & Coagulation Disorders0 / 8

ThrombocytopeniaImmune thrombocytopeniaHemophiliaDisseminated intravascular coagulationThrombotic disordersDeep vein thrombosisAnticoagulant therapy and safetyBleeding precautions

19. Blood Transfusion0 / 6

Blood groups and compatibilityBlood componentsSafe blood administrationTransfusion monitoringTransfusion reactionsEmergency management of transfusion reactions

20. Infectious Disorders0 / 6

Infection and sepsisHealthcare-associated infectionsHepatitisHIV/AIDSSexually transmitted infectionsCOVID-19 and respiratory infection prevention

21. Inflammatory Disorders0 / 4

Guillain-Barré syndromeCrohn’s diseaseUlcerative colitisMajor inflammatory disease complications

22. Immunologic & Autoimmune Disorders0 / 5

Allergy and hypersensitivityAnaphylaxisSystemic lupus erythematosusMultiple sclerosisGlomerulonephritis

23. Organ Transplantation0 / 5

Donor-recipient matchingImmunosuppressive therapyTransplant rejectionInfection preventionLong-term transplant care

24. Cancer Fundamentals0 / 9

Carcinogenesis and cancer risk factorsCancer prevention and screeningTumor grading and stagingMetastasisCancer diagnosisCancer treatment modalitiesComplications of cancer treatmentOncologic emergenciesPalliative care

25. Reproductive & Breast Cancers0 / 7

Breast cancerCervical cancerOvarian cancerEndometrial cancerProstate cancerTesticular cancerCancer surgery and postoperative care

26. Hematologic Malignancies0 / 7

LeukemiaHodgkin lymphomaNon-Hodgkin lymphomaMultiple myelomaBone-marrow suppressionInfection and bleeding preventionTumor lysis syndrome

27. Lung Cancer0 / 6

Lung cancer risk factors and preventionSmall-cell and non-small-cell lung cancerLung cancer assessment and diagnosisLung cancer treatmentThoracic surgery carePalliative care

28. Liver Cancer0 / 5

Hepatocellular carcinomaViral hepatitis and cirrhosis as risk factorsLiver cancer assessment and diagnosisLiver cancer treatmentComplications of liver dysfunction

29. Colorectal Cancer0 / 5

Colorectal cancer risk factorsColorectal cancer screeningColorectal cancer diagnosis and treatmentColorectal surgeryColostomy and ostomy care

NURSING PRACTICE IV 0%

1. Nutrition0 / 10

Nutritional assessmentMacronutrients and micronutrientsNutritional requirementsTherapeutic dietsMalnutritionNutritional deficienciesObesityDysphagia and aspiration preventionNutritional supportRefeeding syndrome

2. Enteral & Parenteral Nutrition0 / 9

Enteral feeding routesFeeding-tube managementEnteral feeding administrationAspiration preventionEnteral feeding complicationsTotal parenteral nutritionPeripheral parenteral nutritionCentral-line careParenteral nutrition complications and monitoring

3. Oral & Esophageal Disorders0 / 10

Oral inflammatory and infectious disordersOral cancerDysphagiaGERDHiatal herniaEsophagitisAchalasiaEsophageal varicesEsophageal cancerAspiration and upper GI bleeding

4. Gastric & Duodenal Disorders0 / 9

GastritisPeptic ulcer diseaseHelicobacter pylori infectionUpper GI bleedingGI perforationPeritonitisGastric cancerGastrectomyDumping syndrome

5. Intestinal Motility & Elimination Disorders0 / 9

ConstipationDiarrheaFecal impaction and incontinenceIrritable bowel syndromeParalytic ileusBowel obstructionDiverticular diseaseAppendicitisPeritonitis

6. Malabsorption & Inflammatory Bowel Disorders0 / 7

Malabsorption syndromesCeliac diseaseLactose intoleranceCrohn’s diseaseUlcerative colitisNutritional management of bowel disordersComplications of inflammatory bowel disease

7. Colorectal & Anorectal Disorders0 / 7

Hemorrhoids and anal disordersColorectal polypsColorectal cancerColonoscopy and bowel preparationColostomyIleostomyStoma and peristomal skin care

8. Gastrointestinal Assessment & Diagnostics0 / 6

Abdominal assessmentStool assessment and studiesEndoscopyColonoscopyGastrointestinal imagingLiver-function testing

9. Liver Disorders0 / 10

HepatitisFatty liver diseaseCirrhosisPortal hypertensionAscitesEsophageal varicesHepatic encephalopathyCoagulopathyLiver failureLiver cancer

10. Biliary Tract Disorders0 / 6

CholelithiasisCholecystitisBiliary obstructionCholecystectomyPostoperative biliary careT-tube care

11. Pancreatic Disorders0 / 5

Acute pancreatitisChronic pancreatitisPancreatitis complicationsNutritional management of pancreatic disordersPancreatic cancer

12. Diabetes Mellitus0 / 9

Type 1 diabetes mellitusType 2 diabetes mellitusDiabetes assessment and diagnosisNutrition and exerciseBlood glucose monitoringInsulin therapyNon-insulin antidiabetic medicationsHypoglycemia managementSick-day management

13. Acute Diabetes Complications0 / 4

HypoglycemiaDiabetic ketoacidosisHyperosmolar hyperglycemic stateFluid and electrolyte management in diabetic emergencies

14. Chronic Diabetes Complications0 / 7

Diabetic neuropathyDiabetic nephropathyDiabetic retinopathyPeripheral vascular diseaseCardiovascular complicationsDiabetic foot careInfection prevention and wound healing

15. Thyroid Disorders0 / 6

HypothyroidismMyxedema comaHyperthyroidismGraves diseaseThyroid stormThyroidectomy care

16. Parathyroid Disorders0 / 5

HypoparathyroidismHyperparathyroidismHypocalcemiaHypercalcemiaCalcium-related emergencies

17. Adrenal Disorders0 / 5

Addison diseaseAddisonian crisisCushing syndromeAdrenal crisisCorticosteroid replacement and safety

18. Pituitary Disorders0 / 6

Hypopituitarism and hyperpituitarismPituitary tumorsAcromegaly and gigantismTranssphenoidal surgeryDiabetes insipidusSIADH

19. Neurologic Assessment & Diagnostics0 / 9

Neurologic assessmentLevel of consciousness and Glasgow Coma ScaleCranial nerve assessmentMotor and sensory assessmentReflex and cerebellar assessmentIntracranial pressureNeurologic imagingLumbar punctureEEG and cerebral angiography

20. Cerebrovascular Disorders0 / 9

Ischemic strokeHemorrhagic strokeTransient ischemic attackStroke recognition and assessmentAcute stroke managementThrombolysis and thrombectomyDysphagia and aspiration preventionStroke rehabilitationSecondary stroke prevention

21. Increased Intracranial Pressure0 / 5

Causes and manifestations of increased ICPCerebral perfusionNursing management of increased ICPCushing triadBrain herniation

22. Traumatic Neurologic Disorders0 / 8

Head injuryIntracranial hematomasSkull fracturesSpinal cord injurySpinal shockNeurogenic shockAutonomic dysreflexiaNeurologic rehabilitation

23. Seizure Disorders0 / 5

Seizure classificationsSeizure precautionsNursing management during seizuresStatus epilepticusAntiseizure therapy

24. Degenerative & Demyelinating Neurologic Disorders0 / 4

Parkinson diseaseMultiple sclerosisAlzheimer diseaseAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis

25. Peripheral Neuropathies & Neuromuscular Disorders0 / 7

Peripheral neuropathyDiabetic neuropathyBell’s palsyTrigeminal neuralgiaGuillain-Barré syndromeMyasthenia gravisMyasthenic and cholinergic crises

26. Musculoskeletal Assessment0 / 6

Musculoskeletal assessmentRange of motion and muscle strengthGait assessmentNeurovascular assessmentMusculoskeletal imaging and diagnosticsBone-density testing

27. Fractures & Musculoskeletal Trauma0 / 8

Fracture classification and healingReduction and fixationCast and splint careTractionNeurovascular compromiseCompartment syndromeFat embolism syndromeOther fracture complications

28. Joint & Bone Disorders0 / 5

OsteoarthritisRheumatoid arthritisOsteoporosisGoutJoint replacement concepts

29. Musculoskeletal Infections & Amputation0 / 6

OsteomyelitisSeptic arthritisAmputation carePhantom limb painProsthesis preparationRehabilitation

30. Vision Assessment & Disorders0 / 7

Eye assessmentCataractGlaucomaRetinal detachmentEye traumaEye medicationsPostoperative eye care

31. Hearing & Balance Disorders0 / 8

Hearing assessmentConductive and sensorineural hearing lossOtitis and tympanic membrane disordersTinnitusMénière diseaseVertigo and vestibular disordersHearing aids and communicationFall prevention

32. Priority NP IV Nursing Applications0 / 9

Nutritional and enteral-feeding careGastrointestinal assessment and ostomy careLiver and endocrine emergency recognitionDiabetes managementNeurologic assessment and stroke recognitionSeizure and increased-ICP precautionsNeurovascular assessmentCast and traction careEye, hearing and balance safety

NURSING PRACTICE V 0%

1. Therapeutic Models, Theories & Foundations0 / 9

Freud’s psychoanalytic modelErikson’s psychosocial theorySullivan’s interpersonal theoryPiaget’s cognitive-developmental theoryBeck’s cognitive modelDefense mechanismsStress and General Adaptation SyndromeAdaptive and maladaptive copingProblem- and emotion-focused coping

2. Psychotic & Anxiety Disorders0 / 7

Schizophrenia and psychotic disordersDelusions and hallucinationsAnxiety and levels of anxietyGeneralized anxiety disorderPanic disorderPhobic disordersObsessive-compulsive disorder

3. Trauma, Mood & Personality Disorders0 / 7

Trauma- and stressor-related disordersPost-traumatic stress disorderMajor depressive disorderBipolar disorderMania and hypomaniaPersonality disordersSuicide risk associated with psychiatric disorders

4. Cognitive, Eating & Substance-Related Disorders0 / 7

DeliriumDementia and major neurocognitive disordersEating disordersSubstance-use disordersAlcohol intoxication and withdrawalOpioid and stimulant disordersRelapse prevention

5. Childhood & Adolescent Psychiatric Disorders0 / 5

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderAutism spectrum disorderConduct disorderOppositional defiant disorderChild and adolescent mental-health assessment

6. Violence, Abuse & Safety0 / 6

Domestic and intimate partner violenceChild abuseElder abuseSexual abuseAbuse assessmentSafety planning and referral

7. Nursing Process in Psychiatric Care0 / 7

Psychiatric nursing assessmentMental status examinationSuicide-risk assessmentViolence-risk assessmentNursing diagnoses and psychiatric classificationPlanning and prioritization of psychiatric carePsychiatric documentation

8. Therapeutic Communication & Nurse–Client Relationship0 / 6

Principles of therapeutic communicationTherapeutic communication techniquesNontherapeutic communicationProfessional boundariesTransference and countertransferenceOrientation, working and termination phases

9. Legal & Ethical Psychiatric Care0 / 5

Confidentiality and informed consentPsychiatric patient rightsLeast restrictive careSeclusion and restraintsEthical and legal responsibilities

10. Community Mental Health0 / 8

Mental health promotion and preventionCommunity mental health nursingWHO Mental Health Gap Action ProgrammeSuicide preventionCrisis interventionMental health referralPsychiatric rehabilitationFamily and community support

11. Ventilatory Failure & Respiratory Crisis0 / 10

Acute respiratory failurePulmonary embolismAcute respiratory distress syndromeAcute lung injuryOxygen therapyMechanical ventilationPEEPVentilator alarms and complicationsEndotracheal intubation and suctioningVentilator weaning

12. Altered Tissue Perfusion0 / 10

Acute coronary syndromeMyocardial infarctionAcute and chronic heart failureAcute pulmonary edemaTypes and stages of shockFluid resuscitationVasopressor therapyHemodynamic monitoringMultiple-organ dysfunction syndromeDisseminated intravascular coagulation

13. Altered Elimination & Metabolic Emergencies0 / 10

Gastrointestinal hemorrhageAcute pancreatitisDiabetic ketoacidosisHyperosmolar hyperglycemic stateAcute kidney injuryLife-threatening fluid and electrolyte disturbancesAcid-base emergenciesHemodialysisPeritoneal dialysisContinuous renal replacement therapy

14. Neurologic Emergencies0 / 8

Acute ischemic and hemorrhagic strokeIncreased intracranial pressureSpinal cord injurySpinal and neurogenic shockAutonomic dysreflexiaSeizures and status epilepticusAltered level of consciousnessComa

15. High-Acuity & Emergency Nursing0 / 11

Emergency assessment and triagePrimary and secondary surveyAirway and breathing emergenciesBasic life support and CPRCardiac arrestShockable and nonshockable rhythmsThoracic emergenciesHead traumaAbdominal traumaHemorrhage and massive blood lossEmergency blood transfusion

16. Environmental Emergencies0 / 8

Heat-related illnessHypothermia and frostbiteDrowning and submersion injuriesPoisoning and toxicologic emergenciesCommon antidotesBites and stingsElectrical and lightning injuriesBurns and burn resuscitation

17. Treatment Modalities0 / 12

Electroconvulsive therapyIndividual psychotherapySupportive psychotherapyCognitive behavioral therapyBehavior therapyGroup therapyFamily therapyMilieu therapyOccupational and recreational therapyCrisis interventionRelaxation and mindfulnessComplementary approaches

18. Psychopharmacology0 / 11

Typical and atypical antipsychoticsExtrapyramidal adverse effectsTardive dyskinesiaNeuroleptic malignant syndromeAnxiolytics and benzodiazepinesAntidepressantsSerotonin syndromeMAOI precautionsMood stabilizersLithium therapy and toxicityMedication adherence and patient teaching

NURSING RESEARCH 0%

1. Foundations of Nursing Research0 / 10

Nursing research and evidence-based practicePurposes of nursing researchBasic and applied researchQuantitative and qualitative researchResearch processResearch problem and purposeResearch questionsHypothesesAssumptionsVariables and operational definitions

2. Literature & Research Frameworks0 / 6

Review of related literatureSources of research evidenceCritical appraisal of literatureTheoretical frameworksConceptual frameworksIdentification of research gaps

3. Quantitative Research Designs0 / 10

Descriptive researchCorrelational researchExperimental researchQuasi-experimental researchCross-sectional researchLongitudinal researchProspective researchRetrospective researchCohort studiesCase-control studies

4. Qualitative Research Designs0 / 6

PhenomenologyGrounded theoryEthnographyCase studyHistorical researchQualitative data collection and analysis

5. Population & Sampling0 / 11

Population and sampleProbability samplingNonprobability samplingRandom samplingStratified samplingSystematic samplingConvenience and purposive samplingSnowball samplingSampling biasRepresentativenessSample-size concepts

6. Data Collection & Measurement0 / 10

QuestionnairesInterviewsObservationBiophysiologic measuresLevels of measurementReliabilityValidityData-collection biasHawthorne effectBlinding

7. Data Analysis & Statistics0 / 9

Descriptive statisticsInferential statisticsMeasures of central tendencyMeasures of variabilityCorrelationStatistical significanceP-valuesInterpretation of tables and graphsInterpretation of research findings

8. Research Ethics0 / 8

Informed consentVoluntary participationRight to withdrawPrivacy and confidentialityBeneficence and nonmaleficenceJusticeProtection of vulnerable participantsResearch ethics review

9. Evidence-Based Nursing0 / 6

Evidence-based practice processCritical appraisal of researchHierarchy and levels of evidenceResearch utilizationApplication of evidence to nursing practiceQuality improvement and evidence-based care

PROFESSIONAL ADJUSTMENT & NURSING PRACTICE 0%

1. Nursing as a Profession0 / 9

Nursing as a professionProfessional roles and responsibilitiesProfessional values and behaviorStandards of nursing practiceScope of nursing practiceAccountability and responsibilityProfessional boundariesContinuing professional developmentLifelong learning and competency

2. Legal Foundations of Nursing Practice0 / 11

Philippine Nursing ActNurse licensure and professional regulationLegal responsibilities of nursesNegligence and malpracticeIntentional and unintentional tortsInformed consentConfidentiality and privacyDocumentation and legal recordsIncident reportingAdvance directivesSafe nursing practice and risk management

3. Professional Regulation & Organizations0 / 5

Professional Regulation CommissionBoard of NursingProfessional nursing organizationsContinuing Professional DevelopmentProfessional standards and regulatory responsibilities

4. Professional Communication0 / 9

Professional communicationInterprofessional communicationTeamwork and collaborationAssertivenessConflict resolutionProfessional relationshipsCommunication with clients and familiesChain of commandReporting and documentation

5. Quality & Patient Safety0 / 10

Patient safety principlesQuality assuranceQuality improvementNursing auditStandards, policies and proceduresAdverse and sentinel eventsMedication and treatment errorsIncident reportsSafety cultureInfection prevention and control

6. Career & Professional Development0 / 8

Professional socializationCareer planningContinuing educationProfessional competencyReflective practiceEvidence-based professional developmentProfessional conductProfessional accountability

LEADERSHIP & MANAGEMENT 0%

1. Leadership Foundations0 / 7

Leadership vs. managementLeadership theoriesLeadership stylesTransformational and transactional leadershipSituational leadershipLeadership competenciesPower, authority and influence

2. Management Functions0 / 9

PlanningOrganizingStaffingDirectingControllingDecision-makingProblem-solvingPriority settingTime management

3. Organization & Nursing Services0 / 8

Organizational structureChain of commandSpan of controlCentralization and decentralizationPolicies and proceduresNursing service organizationStaffing and schedulingPatient classification and workload

4. Delegation & Assignment0 / 8

Principles of delegationRights of delegationAppropriate delegationAccountability in delegationSupervisionScope of practiceAssignment of nursing careEvaluation of delegated care

5. Models of Nursing Care0 / 5

Functional nursingTeam nursingPrimary nursingTotal patient careCase management

6. Human Resource Management0 / 9

Recruitment and selectionStaff orientationStaff developmentPerformance appraisalMotivationCoaching and mentoringDisciplineStaff retentionBurnout and workplace well-being

7. Communication & Conflict Management0 / 7

Organizational communicationUpward, downward and horizontal communicationAssertive communicationConflict-management strategiesNegotiationCollaborationManaging difficult workplace situations

8. Change Management0 / 5

Change theoriesPlanned changeResistance to changeRole of the nurse leader in changeInnovation in nursing practice

9. Quality & Risk Management0 / 7

Quality assuranceQuality improvementNursing auditPerformance indicatorsPatient safetyRisk managementIncident and adverse-event management

10. Resource & Disaster Management0 / 5

Resource allocationBudget and resource conceptsEmergency staffingDisaster leadershipEthical allocation of scarce resources

NURSING ETHICS 0%

1. Foundations of Nursing Ethics0 / 9

Ethical theories and principlesAutonomyBeneficenceNonmaleficenceJusticeFidelityVeracityConfidentialityAdvocacy

2. Ethical Decision-Making0 / 6

Ethical dilemmasEthical decision-making frameworksValues clarificationMoral distressProfessional accountabilityPatient advocacy

3. Patient Rights & Consent0 / 8

Patient rightsInformed consentRefusal of treatmentDecision-making capacitySubstitute decision-makingPrivacy and confidentialityDisclosure of health informationEthical documentation

4. Beginning-of-Life Ethics0 / 5

Reproductive ethical issuesMaternal-fetal ethical concernsContraception and reproductive choiceAssisted reproductive technologiesCare and rights of minors

5. End-of-Life Ethics0 / 7

Advance directivesDo-not-resuscitate ordersWithholding and withdrawing treatmentPalliative careHospice careBrain deathOrgan and tissue donation

6. Ethics in Special Situations0 / 9

Allocation of scarce resourcesDisaster ethicsMental-health ethicsRestraint and seclusionPublic-health ethicsCommunicable disease ethicsResearch ethicsGenetics and emerging health technologiesSocial media and professional conduct

7. Code of Ethics for Nurses0 / 6

Code of Ethics for Registered NursesEthical responsibilities to clientsEthical responsibilities in nursing practiceEthical responsibilities to colleaguesEthical responsibilities to the professionProfessional integrity

NURSING PHARMACOLOGY 0%

1. General Pharmacology0 / 12

PharmacokineticsPharmacodynamicsDrug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretionDrug half-life and steady stateTherapeutic indexDrug interactionsAdverse drug reactionsContraindications and precautionsMedication reconciliationSafe medication administrationHigh-alert medicationsMedication-error prevention

2. Autonomic Nervous System Pharmacology0 / 5

Adrenergic medicationsAntiadrenergic medicationsCholinergic medicationsAnticholinergic medicationsMajor autonomic drug effects and nursing considerations

3. Cardiovascular Pharmacology0 / 9

Antihypertensive medicationsAntianginal medicationsHeart-failure medicationsAntidysrhythmic medicationsDiureticsAnticoagulantsAntiplatelet medicationsThrombolytic medicationsLipid-lowering medications

4. Respiratory Pharmacology0 / 8

BronchodilatorsBeta₂ agonistsAnticholinergic bronchodilatorsCorticosteroidsLeukotriene modifiersAntihistaminesDecongestantsAntitussives and expectorants

5. Gastrointestinal Pharmacology0 / 8

AntacidsH₂-receptor antagonistsProton-pump inhibitorsAntiemeticsLaxativesAntidiarrheal medicationsMedications for inflammatory bowel diseaseMedications for hepatic encephalopathy

6. Endocrine Pharmacology0 / 8

InsulinNon-insulin antidiabetic medicationsThyroid replacement therapyAntithyroid medicationsCorticosteroidsAdrenal replacement therapyPituitary-related medicationsCalcium and bone medications

7. Neurologic Pharmacology0 / 6

Antiseizure medicationsParkinson medicationsAlzheimer’s disease medicationsNeuromuscular medicationsMedications for increased intracranial pressureAnalgesics

8. Psychiatric Pharmacology0 / 8

AntipsychoticsAntidepressantsAnxiolyticsBenzodiazepinesMood stabilizersLithiumMedications for substance-use disordersMajor psychiatric medication emergencies

9. Anti-Infective Pharmacology0 / 9

Principles of antimicrobial therapyAntibioticsAntituberculosis medicationsAntiviral medicationsAntiretroviral therapyAntifungal medicationsAntiparasitic medicationsAntimicrobial resistanceCulture and sensitivity-guided therapy

10. Hematologic Pharmacology0 / 7

Iron therapyFolate and vitamin B12AnticoagulantsAntiplatelet medicationsThrombolytic medicationsHematopoietic growth factorsAnticoagulant antidotes and reversal agents

11. Oncologic Pharmacology0 / 9

Principles of chemotherapyMajor chemotherapy drug classesTargeted cancer therapiesImmunotherapyHormonal cancer therapyChemotherapy adverse effectsChemotherapy safetyExtravasationTumor lysis syndrome

12. Maternal & Reproductive Pharmacology0 / 8

Medication safety during pregnancyMedication safety during lactationOxytocinUterotonicsTocolyticsMagnesium sulfateAntenatal corticosteroidsContraceptive medications

13. Pediatric Pharmacology0 / 5

Pediatric medication safetyWeight-based dosingSafe-dose rangesPediatric medication administrationPediatric IV medication therapy

14. Emergency & Critical-Care Pharmacology0 / 8

Emergency cardiovascular medicationsVasopressorsInotropesEmergency antidysrhythmicsMedications used during resuscitationSedatives and analgesics in critical careCommon antidotesPoisoning management

15. Medication Calculations & Safety0 / 11

Oral medication calculationsParenteral medication calculationsWeight-based dosingIV flow-rate calculationsIV infusion calculationsSafe-dose calculationsInsulin calculationsHeparin calculationsPediatric calculationsMedication administration rightsPrevention and management of medication errors

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